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- Gravis Ultrasound audio synthesis
- ---------------------------------
-
-
- It is easier to find the Holy Grail than to find a text describing precisely
- what synthesis method the GUS uses, so it's time i take a shot at it.
-
- The GUS uses the third generation of wavetable synthesis, so before i start
- explaining it, i'll talk about the first two generations first.
-
- The first generation of wavetable synthesis was actually a digitally
- controlled analog oscillator(s) where parameters controlling the waveform
- were kept in memory. The MT-32 (and lots of Roland synths), the curtis based
- synths and some others are directly derived from this concept.
-
- The second generation of wavetable synthesis uses a digital oscillator, with
- the waveform held in memory in it's basic form (one period usually). Para-
- meters to alter the oscillator behaviour are also in memory. I use the
- general term "memory" instead of RAM, because in some case it's actually ROM,
- FlashROM, PROM, EPROM, switches, buffers etc...
-
- The third generation of wavetable synthesis which can be found in two flavors
- (RAM or ROM) is based on the second generation, but uses bigger wavetables to
- hold the waveform (either in single period or multi period format) including
- this time the attack and release. In this section, i will focus only on the
- GUS implementation, which basically encompass all other implementations.
- Basically, what you have are 32 oscillators which can do the exact same
- thing, and be programmed separately and/or simultaneously. What the hardware
- can do without the operating system is not important here since we are
- looking at what the GUS can presently do (with some modifications to the OS,
- the GUS can do pretty much any synthesis method one can dream up), not what
- it would have done if the OS wasn't available.
-
- So in the GUS, you have some RAM (up to 1Mb) that holds 1, 2, 3, etc,
- wavetables which consist of a sampled (or soft-synthesised) waveform, some
- parameters and optionally a sampled attack and release. The GF1 chip (an
- asic based on the Ensoniq DOC-II chip) will then playback a waveform when
- triggered based on some parameters it is given, and on others it will fetch
- form the wavetable. I dont know if all parameters can be fetched from RAM by
- the GF1, nor if the GF1 can fetch some instructions from RAM, but by using
- the current OS built in the windows drivers or in the DOS library, this is
- what the GUS can use to synthesise music:
-
- sampled or envelopped attack in 8/16 bit, signed/unsigned format
- sampled waveform (anything! a period, or a several seconds sample)
- sampled or envelopped release
-
- with:
-
- velocity (volume)
- panning (balance)
- precise frequency playback rates (with frequency based antialiasing and
- oversampling)
-
- Up to here, it's sample playback. But there is more:
-
- Full vibrato (FM, depth, rate, sweep)
- full tremolo (AM, depth, rate, sweep)
- LFO
- forward, reverse, dual direction looping or no looping
- 6 point enveloppe
- tuning
- fractional endpoint
-
- And more recently:
-
- 3D (focal point 3D positioning)
-
- Also, reverb, flanger, phasing etc... could be easily implemented within the
- drivers (it can be done with a little work on the patches and/or midi time-
- stamp presently). Another thing that could be implemented is dynamic patch
- loading since the card supports it (i have done it).
-
- Last, it is far better to have a RAM wavetable synth than a ROM one, since
- you can upload your samples. Even sound canvas owners (and other synths too)
- complain that their ROM based GS synth lacks interesting drum and bass
- sounds, cannot play sound effects, and is not usable for dance and techno.
- Also you can have more space for each samples, because you always have only
- the samples you need in memory, so you can have better sampling rates and
- better waveforms.
-
- Ciao,
- --
- Francois Dion
- ' _ _ _
- CISM (_) (_) _) FM Montreal , Canada Email: CISM@ERE.UMontreal.CA
- (_) / . _) 10000 Watts Telephone no: (514) 343-7511
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